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Fred Golleher v. McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Co.

Decision date: May 5, 200916 pages

Summary

The Commission reversed the administrative law judge's decision regarding Second Injury Fund liability in a workers' compensation case involving an employee who sustained 49.9% hearing loss from industrial noise exposure. The employee and employer settled their dispute, leaving only the question of Second Injury Fund liability to be resolved on appeal.

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Caption

FINAL AWARD ALLOWING COMPENSATION (Reversing Award and Decision of Administrative Law Judge)
Employee:Fred Golleher
Employer:McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Co. (Settled)
Insurer:Self-Insured c/o Broadspire (Settled)
Additional Party:Treasurer of Missouri as Custodian of Second Injury Fund
This cause has been submitted to the Labor and Industrial Relations Commission (Commission) for review as provided by §287.480 RSMo. We have reviewed the evidence and briefs, heard the parties’ oral arguments and we have considered the whole record. Pursuant to §286.090 RSMo, the Commission reverses the award and decision of the administrative law judge, as it relates to Second Injury Fund liability, dated September 8, 2008.
Preliminaries
The administrative law judge heard this matter to consider: 1) employer’s liability for past medical expenses; 2) employer’s liability for future medical care; 3) the nature and extent of permanent partial or permanent total disability; and 4) the nature and extent of any Second Injury Fund liability.
The administrative law judge found that employer is not liable for employee’s past medical expenses. However, the administrative law judge did find employer liable for employee’s future medical expenses related to his hearing aids. The administrative law judge further found that as a result of employee’s industrial noise exposure while employed with employer, he sustained 49.9% hearing loss and awarded employee $31,800.77. Lastly, the administrative law judge determined employee was permanently and totally disabled prior to his hearing loss and, therefore, the Second Injury Fund has no liability.
Employee appealed to the Commission alleging the administrative law judge erred by failing to use the proper legal criteria to determine permanent total disability and reimbursement of past-partial payment for hearing aids.
Employee has since settled his case against employer and they submitted a Stipulation for Compromise Settlement to the Commission. Said settlement was approved by the Commission on March 25, 2009. Therefore, the only issue currently before the Commission concerns the nature and extent of any Second Injury Fund liability.
Findings of Fact
The findings of fact and stipulations of the parties were recounted in the award of the administrative law

judge; therefore, the pertinent facts will merely be summarized below.

Employee began working for employer in 1966 and, except for a brief stint in the military from 1968-1970; he was continuously employed by employer until his retirement on September 30, 2004. While employed by employer, employee primarily worked as a machinist in the loudest buildings on employer's campus. From 1981-1985, employee also worked as a business representative for the union.

In addition to the primary injury, employee had a history of significant medical conditions and problems. Employee weighs approximately 330 pounds and has had trouble with obesity since the mid 1990's. At age 4, he sustained a fractured right knee when a car hit him. Later when he was in the Army it was determined that he had a ligament sprain in that knee. In 1991, employee was in an automobile collision that also damaged his right knee. He had surgery on his right knee in 1993 and 1994. However, despite the surgeries, his knee continued to give out on him occasionally, including while he was at work. Employee testified that as a result of his knee instability he once fell at work requiring first aid in an ambulance. Due to the instability in his knee he walks down stairs sideways.

In the 1980's employee had right and left forearm fibroid tumors. During a 1999 visit at St. John's Mercy, a review of employee's systems by Dr. Richard Pennell indicated esophageal reflux. Employee has hiatal hernias for which he had surgery and he also has extensive diabetes.

Employee has suffered severe cases of pneumonia which required hospital stays and was later diagnosed as having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Due to this disease, he has had trouble breathing since 1998. He is constantly short of breath and fatigued.

In 2002, employee suffered a heart attack at work and was taken to St. Joseph's Hospital in St. Charles, Missouri where Dr. D'Orazio performed a triple bypass. Following said surgery, he was diagnosed with triplevessel coronary artery disease, COPD, obstructive sleep apnea, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Employee was given temporary restrictions, but before he left employer in September of 2004, he did not have any permanent restrictions for any conditions.

As for employee's primary injury, he began really noticing his hearing loss during his time as a business representative for the machinist union from 1981-1985. Employee testified that he had a lot of problems communicating with people because he could not hear them. He stated that in conference rooms he could hear the noise, but could not understand what people were saying. Employer sent him for hearing tests from time to time and he received his first set of hearing aids in the mid 1980s. He testified that he has had approximately 5 or 6 sets of hearing aids and received his latest set in 2007. Employee's hearing loss and use of hearing aids is documented in various medical records from the 1990s. Specifically, on December 30, 1999, Dr. Paulk documented decreased hearing and included in his note, "hearing aids for 6 years."

There is no congenital hearing loss in employee's family and employee testified that there is no doubt in his mind that the environment that he worked in with his employer caused his hearing loss. He further testified that if he did not have his hearing loss, he would be able to work and that he cannot tell any major hearing loss since he left employer in 2004. There is no audiogram or other evidence establishing evidence of hearing loss before employee began his employment with employer.

Dr. Karen Boone initially saw employee with regard to his hearing loss on June 27, 2002 and has continued to see him since. She testified that she has been to employer's place of business and observed the noise environment in which employee worked and stated that it was loud enough to create noise induced hearing loss. Dr. Boone opined employee had a 68.8 % binaural hearing loss under the regulations, with one-half of the loss or 34.4 % binaural hearing loss attributable to the noise at employer's machine shop. This was based upon an arbitrary allocation of 50 % of his hearing loss being noise induced.

Dr. Boone testified that she was of the opinion that employee requires hearing aids for his hearing loss, which is attributed to his employment with employer.

Dr. John McKinney also felt that employee had suffered significant hearing loss, but disagreed with Dr. Boone's methodology used for her calculations. Dr. McKinney performed three audiograms and calculated employee's binaural hearing loss at 49.9 %. Dr. McKinney attributed employee's hearing loss to years of industrial noise exposure. Dr. McKinney agreed with Dr. Boone's finding that employee had progressive hearing loss not related to his industrial noise exposure. He also agreed with Dr. Boone's arbitrary assignment of 50 % of the disability related to work and 50 % not work related.

Dr. Robert Poetz evaluated employee on February 19, 2007 and provided an Independent Medical Evaluation. In addition to employee's hearing loss, Dr. Poetz's report documented that employee had a past medical history significant for diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and COPD. In addition, Dr. Poetz documented employee's shortness of breath, triple vessel coronary artery bypass, sleep apnea and right knee problems. Dr. Poetz assigned the following disability ratings for each injury and medical condition: 35 % permanent partial disability to the body as a whole due to binaural hearing impairment resultant from the work related injury occurring up to September 30, 2004; 30\% permanent partial disability to the body as a whole measured at the cardiovascular system, pre-existing; 25\% permanent partial disability to the body as a whole due to diabetes, pre-existing; 25\% permanent partial disability to the body as a whole due to COPD, pre-existing; 15\% permanent partial disability to the body as a whole due to sleep apnea, pre-existing; 20 % permanent partial disability to the body as a whole as measured at the abdomen, pre-existing; and 35\% permanent partial disability to the lower right extremity as measured at the right knee, due to his injury at age 4 and 1993 car accident.

Dr. Poetz considered all of employee's preexisting medical conditions and problems and opined that he is permanently and totally disabled as a result of the combination of his work-related binaural hearing impairment and his preexisting medical conditions.

Conclusions of Law

As the administrative law judge correctly stated in the award, employee is permanently and totally disabled. The unsettled issue challenged in employee's Application for Review is whether his permanent total disability was the result of the last accident combined with his preexisting disabilities, resulting in Second Injury Fund liability.

Second Injury Fund

Section 287.220 RSMo. creates the Second Injury Fund and provides when and what compensation shall be paid from the fund in "all cases of permanent disability where there has been previous disability." In order to trigger liability of the Second Injury Fund, employee must show the presence of an actual and measurable disability at the time the work injury is sustained and that work-related injury is of such seriousness as to constitute a hindrance or obstacle to employment or re-employment. E. W. v. Kansas City, Missouri, School District, 89 S.W.3d 527, 537 (Mo.App. W.D. 2002), overruled on other grounds, Hampton v. Big Boy Steel Erection, 121 S.W.3d 220 (Mo. banc 2003).

In this case, it is clear based upon prior medical records, medical reports, medical expert testimony, and employee's own testimony, that employee had multiple preexisting disabilities at the time of his last exposure to industrial noise that caused hindrances and obstacles to his continued employment with employer. However, the administrative law judge incorrectly concluded that his preexisting disabilities alone rendered him permanently and totally disabled and that his noise induced hearing loss ("primary injury") did not

contribute to his permanent and total disability.

First of all, every doctor that evaluated employee's hearing loss attributed at least 50\% of his hearing loss to industrial noise exposure. In addition, Dr. Poetz concluded that it was a combination of employee's primary injury and preexisting disabilities which render employee permanently and totally disabled. Dr. Poetz is the only physician who evaluated employee's overall condition and provided disability ratings for each separate medical condition. According to Dr. Poetz, employee's hearing loss resulted in the single greatest permanent partial disability (35\%) of all of employee's other medical conditions. Secondly, there is not any evidence that employee's hearing loss is not a significant part of his inability to work. Lastly, before employee's hearing became so poor, he was employed without restrictions.

The administrative law judge's conclusion that employee would not be able to work even if he had excellent hearing is not supported by the medical evidence or lay testimony. Employee testified that hearing is a very integral function of any machine operator because you have to audibly hear a problem coming, such as a vibration. Also, machine operators have to be able to communicate with other people working with them. Essentially, employee concluded that you have to be able to hear to be a machine operator.

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